Vertebral body compression fractures can be identified on plain x-ray or CT imaging and appears as collapse of the vertebral body. A minimally invasive treatment is vertebral body augmentation with kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty. The back is cleaned with sterile technique and under local anesthesia and with conscious sedation, a small needle is advanced under x-ray guidance into the vertebral body. A balloon is inflated inside the bone to improve vertebral body height, and then cement is injected into the bone to increase structural stability of the vertebral body.